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Block Adservers

August 29, 2010 Leave a comment
Block Adservers
if you wanna remove those nasty ads from the pages whether you use IE, Chrome, Opera, Safari, Firefox etc. Browsers  which waste lot of time and bandwidth then here is something for you I belive it will help you a lot.
How it works?
It’s possible to set up a name server as authoritative for any domain you choose, allowing you to specify the DNS records for that domain. You can also configure most computers to be sort of mini-nameservers for themselves, so that they check their own DNS records before asking a nameserver. Either way, you get to say what hostname points to what IP address. If you haven’t guessed already, the way you block ads it to provide bogus information about the domains we don’t want to see – ie, all those servers out there that dedicate their existence to spewing out banner ads.
The hosts file
Probably the most common way people block ads like this is with something called the “hosts file”. The hosts file is a simple list of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses, which your computer looks at every time you try and contact a previously unknown hostname. If it finds an entry for the computer you’re trying to reach, it sets the IP address for that computer to be whatever’s in the hosts file.
127.0.0.1 is a special IP address which, to a computer, always means that computer. Any time a machine sends a network request to 127.0.0.1, it is talking to itself. This is very useful when it comes to blocking ads, because all we have to do is specify the IP address of any ad server to be 127.0.0.1. And to do that, all we have to do is edit the hosts file.
What will happen then is something like this:
1. you visit a web page
2. the web page contains a banner ad stored on the server “ads.example.com”
3. your computer says “ads.example.com? never heard of it. wait a second, let’s see if I’ve got the number on me…”
4. your computer finds its hosts file and checks to see if ads.example.com is listed
5. it finds the hostname, which points to 127.0.0.1
6. “great”, says the computer, and sends off a request to 127.0.0.1 for the banner ad that’s supposed to be on the page
7. “oh”, says the computer, and fails to show anything because it just sent a request to itself for a banner ad
In finding your hosts file:
you should have admin privileged to edit this
* Windows 95 / 98 / ME: C:\Windows\hosts
* Windows NT: C:\WinNT\hosts
* Windows 2000: C:\WinNT\system32\drivers\etc\
* Windows XP, Vista & 7 : C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
* FreeBSD / Linux / Mac OS X / Unixish operating systems: /etc/hosts
The format of the hosts file is very simple – IP address, whitespace, then a list of hostnames (except for older Macs; please see above). However, you don’t need to know anything about the format if you don’t want to as you can just view the list hosts file.
Of course, that’s not the only way to use the list, but it’s probably the most simple for most people.
here is the hosts list which are serving you the ads just append it to your hosts file and enjoy ad free surfing makes things faster. if you want ad from certain site then just remove it from the list below.
QUOTE
127.0.0.1 007arcadegames.com
127.0.0.1 101order.com
127.0.0.1 123banners.com
127.0.0.1 123found.com
127.0.0.1 180searchassistant.com
127.0.0.1 180solutions.com
127.0.0.1 247media.com
127.0.0.1 247realmedia.com
127.0.0.1 24pm-affiliation.com
127.0.0.1 2log.com
127.0.0.1 2o7.net
127.0.0.1 4affiliate.net
127.0.0.1 4d5.net
127.0.0.1 7adpower.com
127.0.0.1 911promotion.com
127.0.0.1 a-counter.kiev.ua
127.0.0.1 a.consumer.net
127.0.0.1 a.gismeteo.ru
127.0.0.1 a.mktw.net
127.0.0.1 a.r.tv.com
127.0.0.1 a.xanga.com
127.0.0.1 a32.g.a.yimg.com
127.0.0.1 aaddzz.com
127.0.0.1 abcnews.footprint.net
127.0.0.1 abetterinternet.com
127.0.0.1 abz.com
127.0.0.1 ac.rnm.ca
127.0.0.1 accelerator-media.com
127.0.0.1 accipiter.speedera.net
127.0.0.1 action.ientry.net
127.0.0.1 actionsplash.com
127.0.0.1 actualdeals.com
127.0.0.1 ad-annex.com
127.0.0.1 ad-flow.com
127.0.0.1 ad-images.suntimes.com
127.0.0.1 ad-logics.com
127.0.0.1 ad-rotator.com
127.0.0.1 ad-server.gulasidorna.se
127.0.0.1 ad-souk.com
127.0.0.1 ad-space.net
127.0.0.1 ad-tech.com
127.0.0.1 ad-universe.com
127.0.0.1 ad-up.com
127.0.0.1 ad.100.tbn.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.37.com
127.0.0.1 ad.4web.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.71i.de
127.0.0.1 ad.a8.net
127.0.0.1 ad.abcnews.com
127.0.0.1 ad.abctv.com
127.0.0.1 ad.about.com
127.0.0.1 ad.aboutit.de
127.0.0.1 ad.aboutwebservices.com
127.0.0.1 ad.aftonbladet.se
127.0.0.1 ad.allstar.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.altervista.org
127.0.0.1 ad.asap-asp.net
127.0.0.1 ad.bondage.com
127.0.0.1 ad.centrum.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.cgi.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.chip.de
127.0.0.1 ad.clix.pt
127.0.0.1 ad.digitallook.com
127.0.0.1 ad.directconnect.se
127.0.0.1 ad.disney.go.com
127.0.0.1 ad.domainfactory.de
127.0.0.1 ad.dvdforum.nu
127.0.0.1 ad.e-kolay.net
127.0.0.1 ad.e-not.net
127.0.0.1 ad.eurosport.com
127.0.0.1 ad.ezpeer.com
127.0.0.1 ad.fido.net
127.0.0.1 ad.fragzone.se
127.0.0.1 ad.free6.com
127.0.0.1 ad.grafika.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.harmony-central.com
127.0.0.1 ad.hbv.de
127.0.0.1 ad.howstuffworks.com
127.0.0.1 ad.hyena.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.iinfo.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.ilse.nl
127.0.0.1 ad.img.yahoo.co.kr
127.0.0.1 ad.infoseek.com
127.0.0.1 ad.investopedia.com
127.0.0.1 ad.ir.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.itmedia.co.jp
127.0.0.1 ad.jetsoftware.com
127.0.0.1 ad.keenspace.com
127.0.0.1 ad.krutilka.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.leadcrunch.com
127.0.0.1 ad.linx.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.liveinternet.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.lupa.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.mediastorm.hu
127.0.0.1 ad.mgd.de
127.0.0.1 ad.moscowtimes.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.musicmatch.com
127.0.0.1 ad.mwizard.net
127.0.0.1 ad.nachtagenten.de
127.0.0.1 ad.nozonedata.com
127.0.0.1 ad.nrk.no
127.0.0.1 ad.pbs.bb.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.playground.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.preferances.com
127.0.0.1 ad.rambler.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.reunion.com
127.0.0.1 ad.seznam.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.simgames.net
127.0.0.1 ad.spieletips.de
127.0.0.1 ad.suprnova.org
127.0.0.1 ad.surfsecret.com
127.0.0.1 ad.sweclockers.com
127.0.0.1 ad.t2t2.com
127.0.0.1 ad.tbn.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.tiscali.com
127.0.0.1 ad.tisnet.net.tw
127.0.0.1 ad.tomshardware.com
127.0.0.1 ad.top50.to
127.0.0.1 ad.tv2.no
127.0.0.1 ad.tweakpc.de
127.0.0.1 ad.uk.tangozebra.com
127.0.0.1 ad.uol.com.br
127.0.0.1 ad.usatoday.com
127.0.0.1 ad.way.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.wz.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.yadro.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.yieldmanager.com
127.0.0.1 ad.yourmedia.com
127.0.0.1 ad01.mediacorpsingapore.com
127.0.0.1 ad1.emediate.dk
127.0.0.1 ad1.gamezone.com
127.0.0.1 ad1.hardware.no
127.0.0.1 ad1.kde.cz
127.0.0.1 ad1.lbe.ru
127.0.0.1 ad1.outpost.com
127.0.0.1 ad1.zendmedia.com
127.0.0.1 ad2.atlas.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.bb.ru
127.0.0.1 ad2.insitemedia.hu
127.0.0.1 ad2.lbe.ru
127.0.0.1 ad2.linx.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.linxcz.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.lupa.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.mamma.com
127.0.0.1 ad2.seznam.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.tisnet.net.tw
127.0.0.1 ad3.tisnet.net.tw
127.0.0.1 ad4.atlas.cz
127.0.0.1 ad4.tisnet.net.tw
127.0.0.1 ad41.atlas.cz
127.0.0.1 ad4ex.com
127.0.0.1 adbanner.ro
127.0.0.1 adboost.de.vu
127.0.0.1 adbot.com
127.0.0.1 adbot.theonion.com
127.0.0.1 adbrite.com
127.0.0.1 adbureau.net
127.0.0.1 adbutler.com
127.0.0.1 adbutler.de
127.0.0.1 adcell.de
127.0.0.1 adcenter.mdf.se
127.0.0.1 adcenter.net
127.0.0.1 adcentriconline.com
127.0.0.1 adcept.net
127.0.0.1 adclick.com
127.0.0.1 adclick.gamespy.com
127.0.0.1 adclick.mint.se
127.0.0.1 adclick.ro
127.0.0.1 adclient.rottentomatoes.com
127.0.0.1 adclient1.tucows.com
127.0.0.1 adcomplete.com
127.0.0.1 adcontent.gamespy.com
127.0.0.1 adcontroller.unicast.com
127.0.0.1 adcreative.tribuneinteractive.com
127.0.0.1 adcycle.com
127.0.0.1 adcycle.icpeurope.net
127.0.0.1 addcontrol.net
127.0.0.1 addesktop.com
127.0.0.1 addfreestats.com
127.0.0.1 addme.com
127.0.0.1 addynamix.com
127.0.0.1 adengage.com
127.0.0.1 adext.inkclub.com
127.0.0.1 adfarm.mediaplex.com
127.0.0.1 adfiles.api.no
127.0.0.1 adflight.com
127.0.0.1 adfly.com
127.0.0.1 adhostcenter.com
127.0.0.1 adi.mainichi.co.jp
127.0.0.1 adimage.asiaone.com.sg
127.0.0.1 adimages.been.com
127.0.0.1 adimages.carsoup.com
127.0.0.1 adimages.go.com
127.0.0.1 adimages.homestore.com
127.0.0.1 adimages.sanomawsoy.fi
127.0.0.1 adimg.cnet.com
127.0.0.1 adimg.com.com
127.0.0.1 adimg1.chosun.com
127.0.0.1 adimgs.sapo.pt
127.0.0.1 adincl.gopher.com
127.0.0.1 adition.de
127.0.0.1 adition.net
127.0.0.1 adjuggler.yourdictionary.com
127.0.0.1 adlegend.com
127.0.0.1 adlink.de
127.0.0.1 adlog.com.com
127.0.0.1 adlogix.net
127.0.0.1 adm.ad.asap-asp.net
127.0.0.1 adman.freeze.com
127.0.0.1 admanagement.ch
127.0.0.1 admanager.beweb.com
127.0.0.1 admanager.btopenworld.com
127.0.0.1 admanager.carsoup.com
127.0.0.1 admanager.persianblog.com
127.0.0.1 admaximize.com
127.0.0.1 admedia.ro
127.0.0.1 admeta.com
127.0.0.1 admex.com
127.0.0.1 adminder.com
127.0.0.1 adminshop.com
127.0.0.1 admonitor.com
127.0.0.1 admonitor.net
127.0.0.1 admotion.com.ar
127.0.0.1 adnet.biz
127.0.0.1 adnews.maddog2000.de
127.0.0.1 ado.internet.cz
127.0.0.1 adorigin.com
127.0.0.1 adpepper.dk
127.0.0.1 adpick.switchboard.com
127.0.0.1 adprofile.net
127.0.0.1 adprojekt.pl
127.0.0.1 adpush.dreamscape.com
127.0.0.1 adq.nextag.com
127.0.0.1 adremedy.com
127.0.0.1 adremote.pathfinder.com
127.0.0.1 adrenaline.cz
127.0.0.1 adrenalinesk.sk
127.0.0.1 adreporting.com
127.0.0.1 adres.internet.com
127.0.0.1 adrevolver.com
127.0.0.1 adrevolver.holzmannverlag.de
127.0.0.1 adriver.ru
127.0.0.1 adroar.com
127.0.0.1 adrotate.de
127.0.0.1 adrotator.net
127.0.0.1 ads-205.quarterserver.de
127.0.0.1 ads-de.spray.net
127.0.0.1 ads.100asians.com
127.0.0.1 ads.5ci.lt
127.0.0.1 ads.aceweb.net
127.0.0.1 ads.adshareware.net
127.0.0.1 ads.adultfriendfinder.com
127.0.0.1 ads.advance.net
127.0.0.1 ads.adverline.com
127.0.0.1 ads.affiliates.match.com
127.0.0.1 ads.allsites.com
127.0.0.1 ads.alwayson-network.com
127.0.0.1 ads.amazingmedia.com
127.0.0.1 ads.amdmb.com
127.0.0.1 ads.aol.com
127.0.0.1 ads.as4x.tmcs.net
127.0.0.1 ads.asia1.com.sg
127.0.0.1 ads.asiafriendfinder.com
127.0.0.1 ads.aspalliance.com
127.0.0.1 ads.battle.net
127.0.0.1 ads.belointeractive.com
127.0.0.1 ads.berlinonline.de
127.0.0.1 ads.betanews.com
127.0.0.1 ads.bfast.com
127.0.0.1 ads.bigcitytools.com
127.0.0.1 ads.bigfoot.com
127.0.0.1 ads.billiton.de
127.0.0.1 ads.bitsonthewire.com
127.0.0.1 ads.blick.ch
127.0.0.1 ads.bloomberg.com
127.0.0.1 ads.bluemountain.com
127.0.0.1 ads.box.sk
127.0.0.1 ads.businessweek.com
127.0.0.1 ads.canalblog.com
127.0.0.1 ads.canoe.ca
127.0.0.1 ads.cavello.com
127.0.0.1 ads.cbc.ca
127.0.0.1 ads.cdfreaks.com
127.0.0.1 ads.centraliprom.com
127.0.0.1 ads.cgnetworks.com
127.0.0.1 ads.channel4.com
127.0.0.1 ads.cimedia.com
127.0.0.1 ads.clearchannel.com
127.0.0.1 ads.collegclub.com
127.0.0.1 ads.com.com
127.0.0.1 ads.currantbun.com
127.0.0.1 ads.cyberfight.ru
127.0.0.1 ads.cybersales.cz
127.0.0.1 ads.danworld.net
127.0.0.1 ads.datingyes.com
127.0.0.1 ads.dbforums.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ddj.com
127.0.0.1 ads.deltha.hu
127.0.0.1 ads.dennisnet.co.uk
127.0.0.1 ads.desmoinesregister.com
127.0.0.1 ads.detelefoongids.nl
127.0.0.1 ads.developershed.com
127.0.0.1 ads.deviantart.com
127.0.0.1 ads.digitalmedianet.com
127.0.0.1 ads.digitalpoint.com
127.0.0.1 ads.directionsmag.com
127.0.0.1 ads.discovery.com
127.0.0.1 ads.dk
127.0.0.1 ads.dmk-internet.com
127.0.0.1 ads.e-planning.net
127.0.0.1 ads.edbindex.dk
127.0.0.1 ads.einmedia.com
127.0.0.1 ads.erotism.com
127.0.0.1 ads.esmas.com
127.0.0.1 ads.eu.msn.com
127.0.0.1 ads.eudora.com
127.0.0.1 ads.exhedra.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ezboard.com
127.0.0.1 ads.fairfax.com.au
127.0.0.1 ads.filmup.com
127.0.0.1 ads.firingsquad.com
127.0.0.1 ads.flooble.com
127.0.0.1 ads.floridatoday.com
127.0.0.1 ads.fool.com
127.0.0.1 ads.forbes.com
127.0.0.1 ads.forbes.net
127.0.0.1 ads.forium.de
127.0.0.1 ads.fortunecity.com
127.0.0.1 ads.foxkidseurope.net
127.0.0.1 ads.freecity.de
127.0.0.1 ads.freeze.com
127.0.0.1 ads.friendtest.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ft.com
127.0.0.1 ads.g4techtv.com
127.0.0.1 ads.game.net
127.0.0.1 ads.gamecity.net
127.0.0.1 ads.gamecopyworld.no
127.0.0.1 ads.gameforgeads.de
127.0.0.1 ads.gamershell.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gamespy.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gamespyid.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gamigo.de
127.0.0.1 ads.gawker.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gettools.com
127.0.0.1 ads.globeandmail.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gotfrag.com
127.0.0.1 ads.goyk.com
127.0.0.1 ads.grindinggears.com
127.0.0.1 ads.guardian.co.uk
127.0.0.1 ads.guardianunlimited.co.uk
127.0.0.1 ads.hbv.de
127.0.0.1 ads.heartlight.org
127.0.0.1 ads.herald-sun.com
127.0.0.1 ads.hollywood.com
127.0.0.1 ads.humorbua.no
127.0.0.1 ads.iafrica.com
127.0.0.1 ads.iboost.com
127.0.0.1 ads.icq.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ign.com
127.0.0.1 ads.imdb.com
127.0.0.1 ads.img.co.za
127.0.0.1 ads.indya.com
127.0.0.1 ads.indystar.com
127.0.0.1 ads.inetfast.com
127.0.0.1 ads.inetinteractive.com
127.0.0.1 ads.infi.net
127.0.0.1 ads.infospace.com
127.0.0.1 ads.internic.co.il
127.0.0.1 ads.inthemix.com.au
127.0.0.1 ads.ipowerweb.com
127.0.0.1 ads.isoftmarketing.com
127.0.0.1 ads.itv.com
127.0.0.1 ads.iwon.com
127.0.0.1 ads.jimworld.com
127.0.0.1 ads.jpost.com
127.0.0.1 ads.jubii.dk
127.0.0.1 ads.katz.ws
127.0.0.1 ads.kinobox.cz
127.0.0.1 ads.krawall.de
127.0.0.1 ads.leo.org
127.0.0.1 ads.linuxjournal.com
127.0.0.1 ads.linuxquestions.org
127.0.0.1 ads.linuxsecurity.com
127.0.0.1 ads.lnkworld.com
127.0.0.1 ads.localnow.com
127.0.0.1 ads.lycos-europe.com
127.0.0.1 ads.lycos.com
127.0.0.1 ads.madison.com
127.0.0.1 ads.mariuana.it
127.0.0.1 ads.mcafee.com
127.0.0.1 ads.mediaodyssey.com
127.0.0.1 ads.mediaturf.net
127.0.0.1 ads.metropol.dk
127.0.0.1 ads.mgnetwork.com
127.0.0.1 ads.monster.com
127.0.0.1 ads.msn.com
127.0.0.1 ads.multimania.lycos.fr
127.0.0.1 ads.musiccity.com
127.0.0.1 ads.myguysolutions.com
127.0.0.1 ads.mysimon.com
127.0.0.1 ads.nandomedia.com
127.0.0.1 ads.nationalreview.com
127.0.0.1 ads.neoseeker.com
127.0.0.1 ads.neowin.net
127.0.0.1 ads.netmechanic.com
127.0.0.1 ads.newcity.com
127.0.0.1 ads.newcitynet.com
127.0.0.1 ads.newdream.net
127.0.0.1 ads.newmedia.cz
127.0.0.1 ads.newsint.co.uk
127.0.0.1 ads.newsobserver.com
127.0.0.1 ads.newsquest.co.uk
127.0.0.1 ads.newtimes.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ngenuity.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ninemsn.com.au
127.0.0.1 ads.nola.com
127.0.0.1 ads.nordichardware.se
127.0.0.1 ads.ntadvice.com
127.0.0.1 ads.nwsource.com
127.0.0.1 ads.nyi.net
127.0.0.1 ads.nyjournalnews.com
127.0.0.1 ads.nypost.com
127.0.0.1 ads.nytimes.com
127.0.0.1 ads.nzcity.co.nz
127.0.0.1 ads.ole.com
127.0.0.1 ads.oneplace.com
127.0.0.1 ads.onlineguiden.com
127.0.0.1 ads.optusnet.com.au
127.0.0.1 ads.orsm.net
127.0.0.1 ads.osdn.com
127.0.0.1 ads.osnews.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ourbrisbane.com
127.0.0.1 ads.overclockers.at
127.0.0.1 ads.pcper.com
127.0.0.1 ads.peel.com
127.0.0.1 ads.phparena.net
127.0.0.1 ads.phpclasses.org
127.0.0.1 ads.pittsburghlive.com
127.0.0.1 ads.planet.nl
127.0.0.1 ads.pni.com
127.0.0.1 ads.powweb.com
127.0.0.1 ads.premiumnetwork.com
127.0.0.1 ads.primeinteractive.net
127.0.0.1 ads.prisacom.com
127.0.0.1 ads.pro-market.net
127.0.0.1 ads.realcities.com
127.0.0.1 ads.realmedia.de
127.0.0.1 ads.recoletos.es
127.0.0.1 ads.rediff.com
127.0.0.1 ads.rivals.net
127.0.0.1 ads.rottentomatoes.com
127.0.0.1 ads.rp-online.de
127.0.0.1 ads.rpgdot.com
127.0.0.1 ads.rpgui.com
127.0.0.1 ads.satyamonline.com
127.0.0.1 ads.savannahnow.com
127.0.0.1 ads.scifi.com
127.0.0.1 ads.sexplanets.com
127.0.0.1 ads.shareprovider.com
127.0.0.1 ads.sify.com
127.0.0.1 ads.simtel.net
127.0.0.1 ads.smartclick.com
127.0.0.1 ads.softwareoutfit.com
127.0.0.1 ads.space.com
127.0.0.1 ads.sptimes.com
127.0.0.1 ads.stationplay.com
127.0.0.1 ads.stileproject.com
127.0.0.1 ads.storagereview.net
127.0.0.1 ads.stratics.com
127.0.0.1 ads.switchboard.com
127.0.0.1 ads.techtv.com
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Please add more if you have one.

Thats it!

Categories: Internet Tags: , ,

Change The Default Location For Installing Apps for Windows XP

August 25, 2010 Leave a comment
Change The Default Location For Installing Apps
———————————————–
As the size of hard drives increase, more people are using partitions to separate and store groups of files.
XP uses the C:\Program Files directory as the default base directory into which new programs are installed. However, you can change the default installation drive and/ or directory by using a Registry hack.
Go to :-
– Start > Run
– Type “regedit” (without “” NOOBS!)
– Go to this directory…
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion
– Look for the value named ProgramFilesDir. by default,this value will be C:\Program Files. Edit the value to any valid drive or folder and XP will use that new location as the default installation directory for new programs.

Change The Default Location For Installing Apps———————————————–
As the size of hard drives increase, more people are using partitions to separate and store groups of files.
XP uses the C:\Program Files directory as the default base directory into which new programs are installed. However, you can change the default installation drive and/ or directory by using a Registry hack.
Go to :-
– Start > Run
– Type “regedit” (without “ ”)
– Go to this directory…HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion
– Look for the value named ProgramFilesDir. by default,this value will be C:\Program Files. Edit the value to any valid drive or folder and XP will use that new location as the default installation directory for new programs.

Categories: Technology Tags: ,

Keyboard Shortcuts

August 25, 2010 Leave a comment
Getting used to using your keyboard exclusively and leaving your mouse behind will make you much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows system. I use the following keyboard shortcuts every day:
Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run
devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Information
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = Microsoft Management Console
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = Microsoft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + “web address” = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer
ALT + Tab = Switch between windows
ALT, Space, X = Maximize window
CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager
Windows key + Break = System properties
Windows key + F = Search
Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows
CTRL + C = copy
CTRL + X = cut
CTRL + V = paste
Also don’t forget about the “Right-click” key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you’ve opened up any program.
Keyboard Shortcuts
[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications
[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter
[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu
[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)
[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window
[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document
Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word
Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph
[F1] Open Help for active application
Windows+M Minimize all open windows
Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows
Windows+F1 Open Windows Help
Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons
Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box acessability shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds…….. Switch FilterKeys on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN……. Switch High Contrast on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK……. Switch MouseKeys on and off.
SHIFT……. five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.
NUM LOCK…… for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.
Explorer shortcuts
END……. Display the bottom of the active window.
HOME……. Display the top of the active window.
NUM LOCK+ASTERISK.. on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN……. on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN……. on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.
LEFT ARROW…… Collapse current selection if it’s expanded, or select parent folder.
RIGHT ARROW……. Display current selection if it’s collapsed, or select first subfolder.
Internetbrowser
type in u’re adress “google”, then press [Right CTRL] and [Enter]
add www. and .com to word and go to it
For Windows XP:
Copy. CTRL+C
Cut. CTRL+X
Paste. CTRL+V
Undo. CTRL+Z
Delete. DELETE
Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin. SHIFT+DELETE
Copy selected item. CTRL while dragging an item
Create shortcut to selected item. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item
Rename selected item. F2
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph. CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph. CTRL+UP ARROW
Highlight a block of text. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document. SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select all. CTRL+A
Search for a file or folder. F3
View properties for the selected item. ALT+ENTER
Close the active item, or quit the active program. ALT+F4
Opens the shortcut menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously. CTRL+F4
Switch between open items. ALT+TAB
Cycle through items in the order they were opened. ALT+ESC
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop. F6
Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer. F4
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item. SHIFT+F10
Display the System menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Display the Start menu. CTRL+ESC
Display the corresponding menu. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name
Carry out the corresponding command. Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu
Activate the menu bar in the active program. F10
Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu. RIGHT ARROW
Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu. LEFT ARROW
Refresh the active window. F5
View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer. BACKSPACE
Cancel the current task. ESC
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive Prevent the CD from automatically playing.
Use these keyboard shortcuts for dialog boxes:
To Press
Move forward through tabs. CTRL+TAB
Move backward through tabs. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move forward through options. TAB
Move backward through options. SHIFT+TAB
Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option. ALT+Underlined letter
Carry out the command for the active option or button. ENTER
Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box. SPACEBAR
Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons. Arrow keys
Display Help. F1
Display the items in the active list. F4
Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box. BACKSPACE
If you have a Microsoft Natural Keyboard, or any other compatible keyboard that includes the Windows logo key and the Application key , you can use these keyboard shortcuts:
Display or hide the Start menu. WIN Key
Display the System Properties dialog box. WIN Key+BREAK
Show the desktop. WIN Key+D
Minimize all windows. WIN Key+M
Restores minimized windows. WIN Key+Shift+M
Open My Computer. WIN Key+E
Search for a file or folder. WIN Key+F
Search for computers. CTRL+WIN Key+F
Display Windows Help. WIN Key+F1
Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not connected to a network domain. WIN Key+ L
Open the Run dialog box. WIN Key+R
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U
accessibility keyboard shortcuts:
Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U
shortcuts you can use with Windows Explorer:
Display the bottom of the active window. END
Display the top of the active window. HOME
Display all subfolders under the selected folder. NUM LOCK+ASTERISK on numeric keypad (*)
Display the contents of the selected folder. NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN on numeric keypad (+)
Collapse the selected folder. NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN on numeric keypad (-)
Collapse current selection if it’s expanded, or select parent folder. LEFT ARROW
Display current selection if it’s collapsed, or select first subfolder. RIGHT ARROW

Getting used to using your keyboard exclusively and leaving your mouse behind will make you much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows system. I use the following keyboard shortcuts every day:
Windows key + R = Run menu
This is usually followed by:cmd = Command Promptiexplore + “web address” = Internet Explorercompmgmt.msc = Computer Managementdhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Managementdnsmgmt.msc = DNS Managementservices.msc = Serviceseventvwr = Event Viewerdsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computersdssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and ServicesWindows key + E = Explorer
ALT + Tab = Switch between windows
ALT, Space, X = Maximize window
CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager
Windows key + Break = System properties
Windows key + F = Search
Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows
CTRL + C = copy
CTRL + X = cut
CTRL + V = paste
Also don’t forget about the “Right-click” key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you’ve opened up any program.

Keyboard Shortcuts
[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications
[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter
[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu
[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)
[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window
[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document
Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word
Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph
[F1] Open Help for active application
Windows+M Minimize all open windows
Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows
Windows+F1 Open Windows Help
Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons
Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box

Acessability shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds…….. Switch FilterKeys on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN……. Switch High Contrast on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK……. Switch MouseKeys on and off.
SHIFT……. five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.
NUM LOCK…… for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.
explorer shortcuts
END……. Display the bottom of the active window.
HOME……. Display the top of the active window.
NUM LOCK+ASTERISK……. on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN……. on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN……. on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.
LEFT ARROW…… Collapse current selection if it’s expanded, or select parent folder.
RIGHT ARROW……. Display current selection if it’s collapsed, or select first subfolder.

Hope this one speeds up your computing speed. 🙂

Categories: Technology Tags: , , , ,

Beep Code. What Does it mean?

August 25, 2010 Leave a comment
When a computer is first turned on, or rebooted, its BIOS performs a power-on self test (POST) to test the system’s hardware components are working properly. Under normal circumstances, the POST will display an error coded message.
For Standard Original IBM POST Error Codes
Code Description
1 short beep System is OK
2 short beeps POST Error – error code shown on screen No beep Power supply or system board problem Continuous beep Power supply, system board, or keyboard problem Repeating short beeps Power supply or system board problem
1 long, 1 short beep System board problem
1 long, 2 short beeps Display adapter problem (MDA, CGA)
1 long, 3 short beeps Display adapter problem (EGA)
3 long beeps 3270 keyboard card
IBM POST Diagnostic Code Descriptions
Code Description
100 – 199 System Board
200 – 299 Memory
300 – 399 Keyboard
400 – 499 Monochrome Display
500 – 599 Colour/Graphics Display
600 – 699 Floppy-disk drive and/or Adapter
700 – 799 Math Coprocessor
900 – 999 Parallel Printer Port
1000 – 1099 Alternate Printer Adapter
1100 – 1299 Asynchronous Communication Device, Adapter, or Port
1300 – 1399 Game Port
1400 – 1499 Colour/Graphics Printer
1500 – 1599 Synchronous Communication Device, Adapter, or Port
1700 – 1799 Hard Drive and/or Adapter
1800 – 1899 Expansion Unit (XT)
2000 – 2199 Bisynchronous Communication Adapter
2400 – 2599 EGA system-board Video (MCA)
3000 – 3199 LAN Adapter
4800 – 4999 Internal Modem
7000 – 7099 Phoenix BIOS Chips
7300 – 7399 3.5″ Disk Drive
8900 – 8999 MIDI Adapter
11200 – 11299 SCSI Adapter
21000 – 21099 SCSI Fixed Disk and Controller
21500 – 21599 SCSI CD-ROM System
AMI BIOS Beep Codes
Code Description
1 Short Beep System OK
2 Short Beeps Parity error in the first 64 KB of memory
3 Short Beeps Memory failure in the first 64 KB
4 Short Beeps Memory failure in the first 64 KB Operational of memory
or Timer 1 on the motherboard is not functioning
5 Short Beeps The CPU on the motherboard generated an error
6 Short Beeps The keyboard controller may be bad. The BIOS cannot switch to protected mode
7 Short Beeps The CPU generated an exception interrupt
8 Short Beeps The system video adapter is either missing, or its memory is faulty
9 Short Beeps The ROM checksum value does not match the value encoded in the BIOS
10 Short Beeps The shutdown register for CMOS RAM failed
11 Short Beeps The external cache is faulty
1 Long, 3 Short Beeps Memory Problems
1 Long, 8 Short Beeps Video Card Problems
Phoenix BIOS Beep Codes
Note – Phoenix BIOS emits three sets of beeps, separated by a brief pause.
Code Description
1-1-3 CMOS read/write failure
1-1-4 ROM BIOS checksum error
1-2-1 Programmable interval timer failure
1-2-2 DMA initialisation failure
1-2-3 DMA page register read/write failure
1-3-1 RAM refresh verification failure
1-3-3 First 64k RAM chip or data line failure
1-3-4 First 64k RAM odd/even logic failure
1-4-1 Address line failure first 64k RAM
1-4-2 Parity failure first 64k RAM
2-_-_ Faulty Memory
3-1-_ Faulty Motherboard
3-2-4 Keyboard controller Test failure
3-3-4 Screen initialisation failure
3-4-1 Screen retrace test failure
3-4-2 Search for video ROM in progress
4-2-1 Timer tick interrupt in progress or failure
4-2-2 Shutdown test in progress or failure
4-2-3 Gate A20 failure
4-2-4 Unexpected interrupt in protected mode
4-3-1 RAM test in progress or failure>ffffh
4-3-2 Faulty Motherboard
4-3-3 Interval timer channel 2 test or failure
4-3-4 Time of Day clock test failure
4-4-1 Serial port test or failure
4-4-2 Parallel port test or failure
4-4-3 Math coprocessor test or failure
Low 1-1-2 System Board select failure
Low 1-1-3 Extended CMOS RAM failure
Categories: Technology Tags: , ,

World Wide Web

August 25, 2010 Leave a comment
The Internet is a computer network made up of thousands of networks worldwide.
No one is certain whoknows exactly how many computers are connected to the Internet. It is certain, however, that these number in the millions.
No one is in charge of the Internet. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating applications on it, but no governing body is in control. The Internet backbone, through which Internet traffic flows, is owned by private companies.
All computers on the Internet communicate with one another using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite, abbreviated to TCP/IP. Computers on the Internet use a client/server architecture. This means that the remote server machine provides files and services to the user’s local client machine. Software can be installed on a client computer to take advantage of the latest access technology.
An Internet user has access to a wide variety of services: electronic mail, file transfer, vast information resources, interest group membership, interactive collaboration, multimedia displays, real-time broadcasting, shopping opportunities, breaking news, and much more.
The Internet consists primarily of a variety of access protocols. Many of these protocols feature programs that allow users to search for and retrieve material made available by the protocol.
——————————————————————————–
COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET
——————————————————————————–
WORLD WIDE WEB
The World Wide Web (abbreviated as the Web or WWW) is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. Almost every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the Web. This includes e-mail, FTP, Telnet, and Usenet News. In addition to these, the World Wide Web has its own protocol: HyperText Transfer Protocol, or HTTP. These protocols will be explained later in this document.
The World Wide Web provides a single interface for accessing all these protocols. This creates a convenient and user-friendly environment. It is no longer necessary to be conversant in these protocols within separate, command-level environments. The Web gathers together these protocols into a single system. Because of this feature, and because of the Web’s ability to work with multimedia and advanced programming languages, the Web is the fastest-growing component of the Internet.
The operation of the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval. HyperText is a document containing words that connect to other documents. These words are called links and are selectable by the user. A single hypertext document can contain links to many documents. In the context of the Web, words or graphics may serve as links to other documents, images, video, and sound. Links may or may not follow a logical path, as each connection is programmed by the creator of the source document. Overall, the Web contains a complex virtual web of connections among a vast number of documents, graphics, videos, and sounds.
Producing hypertext for the Web is accomplished by creating documents with a language called HyperText Markup Language, or HTML. With HTML, tags are placed within the text to accomplish document formatting, visual features such as font size, italics and bold, and the creation of hypertext links. Graphics and multimedia may also be incorporated into an HTML document. HTML is an evolving language, with new tags being added as each upgrade of the language is developed and released. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), led by Web founder Tim Berners-Lee, coordinates the efforts of standardizing HTML. The W3C now calls the language XHTML and considers it to be an application of the XML language standard.
The World Wide Web consists of files, called pages or home pages, containing links to documents and resources throughout the Internet.
The Web provides a vast array of experiences including multimedia presentations, real-time collaboration, interactive pages, radio and television broadcasts, and the automatic “push” of information to a client computer. Programming languages such as Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic, Cold Fusion and XML are extending the capabilities of the Web. A growing amount of information on the Web is served dynamically from content stored in databases. The Web is therefore not a fixed entity, but one that is in a constant state of development and flux.
For more complete information about the World Wide Web, see Understanding The World Wide Web.
E-MAIL
Electronic mail, or e-mail, allows computer users locally and worldwide to exchange messages. Each user of e-mail has a mailbox address to which messages are sent. Messages sent through e-mail can arrive within a matter of seconds.
A powerful aspect of e-mail is the option to send electronic files to a person’s e-mail address. Non-ASCII files, known as binary files, may be attached to e-mail messages. These files are referred to as MIME attachments.MIME stands for Multimedia Internet Mail Extension, and was developed to help e-mail software handle a variety of file types. For example, a document created in Microsoft Word can be attached to an e-mail message and retrieved by the recipient with the appropriate e-mail program. Many e-mail programs, including Eudora, Netscape Messenger, and Microsoft Outlook, offer the ability to read files written in HTML, which is itself a MIME type.
TELNET
Telnet is a program that allows you to log into computers on the Internet and use online databases, library catalogs, chat services, and more. There are no graphics in Telnet sessions, just text. To Telnet to a computer, you must know its address. This can consist of words (locis.loc.gov) or numbers (140.147.254.3). Some services require you to connect to a specific port on the remote computer. In this case, type the port number after the Internet address. Example: telnet nri.reston.va.us 185.
Telnet is available on the World Wide Web. Probably the most common Web-based resources available through Telnet have been library catalogs, though most catalogs have since migrated to the Web. A link to a Telnet resource may look like any other link, but it will launch a Telnet session to make the connection. A Telnet program must be installed on your local computer and configured to your Web browser in order to work.
With the increasing popularity of the Web, Telnet has become less frequently used as a means of access to information on the Internet.
FTP
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. This is both a program and the method used to transfer files between computers. Anonymous FTP is an option that allows users to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the Internet to their personal computer account. FTP sites contain books, articles, software, games, images, sounds, multimedia, course work, data sets, and more.
If your computer is directly connected to the Internet via an Ethernet cable, you can use one of several PC software programs, such as WS_FTP for Windows, to conduct a file transfer.
FTP transfers can be performed on the World Wide Web without the need for special software. In this case, the Web browser will suffice. Whenever you download software from a Web site to your local machine, you are using FTP. You can also retrieve FTP files via search engines such as FtpFind, located at /http://www.ftpfind.com/. This option is easiest because you do not need to know FTP program commands.
E-MAIL DISCUSSION GROUPS
One of the benefits of the Internet is the opportunity it offers to people worldwide to communicate via e-mail. The Internet is home to a large community of individuals who carry out active discussions organized around topic-oriented forums distributed by e-mail. These are administered by software programs. Probably the most common program is the listserv.
A great variety of topics are covered by listservs, many of them academic in nature. When you subscribe to a listserv, messages from other subscribers are automatically sent to your electronic mailbox. You subscribe to a listserv by sending an e-mail message to a computer program called a listserver. Listservers are located on computer networks throughout the world. This program handles subscription information and distributes messages to and from subscribers. You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv discussion group. Visit Tile.net at /http://tile.net/ to see an example of a site that offers a searchablecollection of e-mail discussion groups.
Majordomo and Listproc are two other programs that administer e-mail discussion groups. The commands for subscribing to and managing your list memberships are similar to those of listserv.
USENET NEWS
Usenet News is a global electronic bulletin board system in which millions of computer users exchange information on a vast range of topics. The major difference between Usenet News and e-mail discussion groups is the fact that Usenet messages are stored on central computers, and users must connect to these computers to read or download the messages posted to these groups. This is distinct from e-mail distribution, in which messages arrive in the electronic mailboxes of each list member.
Usenet itself is a set of machines that exchanges messages, or articles, from Usenet discussion forums, called newsgroups. Usenet administrators control their own sites, and decide which (if any) newsgroups to sponsor and which remote newsgroups to allow into the system.
There are thousands of Usenet newsgroups in existence. While many are academic in nature, numerous newsgroups are organized around recreational topics. Much serious computer-related work takes place in Usenet discussions. A small number of e-mail discussion groups also exist as Usenet newsgroups.
The Usenet newsfeed can be read by a variety of newsreader software programs. For example, the Netscape suite comes with a newsreader program called Messenger. Newsreaders are also available as standalone products.
FAQ, RFC, FYI
FAQ stands for Frequently Asked Questions. These are periodic postings to Usenet newsgroups that contain a wealth of information related to the topic of the newsgroup. Many FAQs are quite extensive. FAQs are available by subscribing to individual Usenet newsgroups. A Web-based collection of FAQ resources has been collected by The Internet FAQ Consortium and is available at /http://www.faqs.org/.
RFC stands for Request for Comments. These are documents created by and distributed to the Internet community to help define the nuts and bolts of the Internet. They contain both technical specifications and general information.
FYI stands for For Your Information. These notes are a subset of RFCs and contain information of interest to new Internet users.
Links to indexes of all three of these information resources are available on the University Libraries Web site at /http://library.albany.edu/reference/faqs.html.
CHAT & INSTANT MESSENGING
Chat programs allow users on the Internet to communicate with each other by typing in real time. They are sometimes included as a feature of a Web site, where users can log into the “chat room” to exchange comments and information about the topics addressed on the site. Chat may take other, more wide-ranging forms. For example, America Online is well known for sponsoring a number of topical chat rooms.
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundreds of channels. These channels are usually based on specific topics. While many topics are frivolous, substantive conversations are also taking place. To access IRC, you must use an IRC software program.
A variation of chat is the phenomenon of instant messenging. With instant messenging, a user on the Web can contact another user currently logged in and type a conversation. Most famous is America Online’s Instant Messenger. ICQ, MSN and Yahoo are other commonly-used chat programs.
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